United Kingdom

Under the current UK framework, access to medical cannabis is widely criticised as structurally restrictive, creating space for ethical and regulatory tension. While the law requires prescriptions to be initiated by GMC-registered specialists and used only where conventional treatments have failed, the reality is that demand far exceeds legitimate NHS supply. In response, a growing private market has emerged, with some providers operating in ways that appear to push the boundaries of the law and clinical guidance. Critics argue that commercial pressures, high consultation fees, and subscription-style models risk incentivising prescribing decisions, rather than strict adherence to medical necessity. This has raised concerns among regulators, professional bodies, and patient advocates about inconsistent assessments, limited oversight, and the commodification of care. As a result, access is shaped less by clinical need and more by a patient’s ability to pay, undermining both equity and confidence in the regulatory system.